Jeffrey M. Herbener presents a systematic Austrian critique of the framework developed in Samuelson and Nordhaus’s Economics. Beginning with purposeful human action, economizing, and economic calculation, the course reconsiders demand and supply, prices, firms, costs, competition, wages, interest, profit, risk, and uncertainty. It then tests textbook arguments for regulation, redistribution, environmental policy, welfare, and other forms of state intervention against explanations grounded in property, voluntary exchange, entrepreneurship, and profit and loss. The macroeconomic lessons assess national statistics, consumption and investment, money and banking, business cycles, monetary policy, unemployment, inflation, and government debt while emphasizing capital structure and credit expansion. Further lessons examine economic growth, uneven development, international trade, exchange rates, and open economies. Throughout, students encounter competing assumptions, methods, causal explanations, and policy interpretations rather than isolated objections to individual textbook models.